Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a diagram that provides:

• A. A detailed description of process equipment with valves, pumps, piping specifications and sensors
• B. A schematic overview of process flows without instrumentation details
• C. A layout plan of buildings and support services
• D. A high-level process flow diagram without equipment specifics

Answer: (A)

P&ID shows how a process is built, detailing every piece of equipment and how it’s connected by piping and instrumentation. It includes valves, pumps, piping specifications and sensors, along with instrument tags and control devices. This level of detail is essential for design, construction, operation, and maintenance because it communicates exactly how the system is arranged and how it is controlled.

The other diagrams describe different scopes: a schematic overview of process flows without instrumentation details is a high-level process flow view that omits the control and piping specifics; a layout plan of buildings and support services focuses on physical site arrangement rather than process connections; a high-level process flow diagram shows major streams and equipment without instrumentation or piping details. Therefore, the description that includes valves, pumps, piping specifications and sensors best matches a P&ID.