What is a monoclonal antibody?

• A. A mixture of antibodies providing broad reactivity.
• B. A lab-produced antibody with a single target specificity.
• C. A type of vaccine containing inactivated virus.
• D. A small molecule that modulates signaling.

Answer: (B)

Monoclonal antibodies are identical antibody molecules produced from a single B-cell clone, so they recognize one specific antigen epitope. They’re typically generated in the lab using hybridoma technology or recombinant methods, yielding a uniform population that binds the same site with the same affinity. This single-target specificity is what makes monoclonal antibodies highly precise for therapeutic and diagnostic uses. In contrast, a mixture of antibodies with broad reactivity describes polyclonal antibodies, vaccines are designed to provoke an immune response rather than provide antibodies, and a small molecule that modulates signaling is a drug, not an antibody.