Who published the law of induction in 1831?

• A. Michael Faraday
• B. James Clerk Maxwell
• C. Louis Pasteur
• D. Albert Einstein

Answer: (A)

Electromagnetic induction is the process where a changing magnetic environment induces an electric current in a circuit. In 1831 Michael Faraday published the first clear experimental description of this effect, showing that moving a magnet relative to a coil or otherwise changing the magnetic flux through a circuit produces an electromotive force. This work established what we now call Faraday's law of induction and is the foundation for electric generators and transformers. Maxwell later integrated these ideas into a complete mathematical framework, but the initial 1831 publication credit goes to Faraday. The other individuals—Pasteur and Einstein—are known for entirely different scientific achievements, and Maxwell’s theoretical synthesis came after Faraday’s key experiments.